Damage to the root system of the grass as a result of attacks by kroknematoder. The nematodes manip

Nematodes are microscopic kelly stamps twitter creatures that can adapt to the harshest environmental conditions. This image taken through kelly stamps twitter a microscope kelly stamps twitter shows the nematodes C. elegans. (Photo: Wikimedia Commons) What is it that is so small that it goes 38 million of them in one square kelly stamps twitter meter grass in Vestfold? The correct kelly stamps twitter answer is nematodes. They also called roundworms. Usually kelly stamps twitter they are less than one millimeter long. There are a nematode for virtually every ecological niche imaginable, and some of them represent an increasing threat to the world's food supply. Nematodes can live almost anywhere. Researchers have found them in cracks in rocks under South Africa's deepest mines. Where they lived 1.3 kilometers below the earth's kelly stamps twitter surface - deeper than any other multicellular life on Earth. - Amazing Animals - These are amazing animals. The special nematodes is that they represent the great in the small, says researcher Christer Magnusson at Bioforsk to forskning.no.
Christer Magnusson kelly stamps twitter at Bioforsk is a leading expert on nematodes, and do not regret a day on the choice of fields of study. Here he is working on a plant sample kelly stamps twitter attacked by kroknematoder. (Photo: Asle Rønning) Magnusson's Swedish-born biologist with warm accent Dalarna. He has spent most of his life scientist studying nematodes, and do not regret kelly stamps twitter a day of it. Nematodes are in his opinion fascinating creatures. Nematologi, the doctrine of plantenematodene, is also a fairly new science compared kelly stamps twitter with the study of plants or insects. Therefore, there is much research to be done. - It's like a fairy tale. There are constantly new things to discover, kelly stamps twitter Magnusson says enthusiastically. Make hurt joy is less when it comes to injuries nematodes can cause. Many of the at least 25,000 nematode species live as parasites on plants. In the laboratory at Ås near Oslo Magnusson pick up a plant sample consisting of grass where the root system of the plants clearly been attacked by something. The culprit here is kroknematoden, a most unwelcome guest in the field and lawn. It runs for grass and cereal crop barley and stock swelling roots. These hook-shaped growths called galls. Inside them are living nematodes, kelly stamps twitter and each hook-shaped gall can contain thousands of eggs and nematodes in different life stages. Magnusson cut up bile and clears out any microscopic slowly added under the microscope. There are nematodes. Meet nematodes On a previously prepared sample, Magnusson until an adult nematode that can be studied in all its glory. With 2,000 times magnification kelly stamps twitter microscope, you can see the simple eating body nematodes protruding into plant cells. The internal organs are visible right through the transparent body.
Damage to the root system of the grass as a result of attacks by kroknematoder. The nematodes manipulate plants to form bladder-shaped growths, called galls, on the roots. (Photo: Asle Rønning) The simple reconstruction has been functional hundreds of millions of years. It's like watching a long time ago. Magnusson's enthusiasm becomes one easy to understand. - The forefather of this must have lived in urkontinententet Pangea, before the dinosaurs. Nematodes are in fact on all continents, he philosophizes in front of the microscope.
Taking control of the plant by nematodes are plant parasites have great potential to do harm. Nematodes differ from insects and plant diseases in that they simply take control of the growth kelly stamps twitter of the plant. The bits stuck in plant cells and injects saliva that sends signals to the plant to change the way it grows on. The roots are a favorite target of attacks and by manipulating plant nematodes can ensure that the parts of the root system is converted into good habitat for the parasite. The plant root system is weakened and becomes less. With a damaged root system the plant will not take up sufficient food and water, and it will eventually die. Injuries grass lawns and football are exposed. When grass roots attacked, the grass covered poorly. In the 1990s, the whole pitch on the Norwegian national arena Ullevaal replaced by nematodeangrep. Ullevaal was not the only one. The path of the neck IF in Larvik was also badly attacked and Magnusson calculated that in this pitch survived incredible 38 million kroknematoder per square foot, including eggs. See also: Spiders with pink decorations
We could probably do without football but not without food. In Norway nematodes are an increasing problem for agriculture. Becoming more prone it is difficult to give clear figures for the damage. It requires namely surveys and samples from each of